Tuesday, December 22, 2020
Wednesday, December 16, 2020
Wednesday, December 9, 2020
Paris’ worldwide known shopping mall and transportation hub, Les Halles renovation
Thursday, December 3, 2020
Wednesday, December 2, 2020
Tuesday, December 1, 2020
Monday, November 30, 2020
Monday, November 23, 2020
Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP)
https://www.strombergarchitectural.com/materials/gfrp
https://www.strombergarchitectural.com/files/GFRP_brochure.pdf
A mold is then made of fiberglass, steel, wood or rubber depending on the detail. Into this mold a carefully designed mix of polyester or epoxy resin is sprayed, along with alkali resistant glass fibers. Virtually any shape or form can be molded.
Monday, November 16, 2020
Koh Brothers
Listed on Main Board of the SGX-ST in August 1994, Koh Brothers Group Limited (“Koh Brothers”, or together with its subsidiaries, the “Group”) is a well-established construction, property development and specialist engineering solutions provider, which was started as a sole proprietorship in 1966 by Mr. Koh Tiat Meng. Today, the Group has more than 40 subsidiaries, joint venture companies and associated companies spread over Singapore, PRC, Indonesia, and Malaysia.
Over the years, the Group has undertaken numerous construction and infrastructure projects with its A1 grading by the Building and Construction Authority. It is currently the highest grade for contractors’ registration in this category, and allows the Group to tender for public sector construction projects of unlimited value. In addition, the Group has developed a name for itself as a niche real estate developer, with an established reputation for quality and innovation.
The Group’s diversified businesses present them with multiple revenue streams from three core areas:
- Construction and Building Materials
- Real Estate
- Leisure & Hospitality
The Group is also the single largest shareholder of SGX Catalist-listed Koh Brothers Eco Engineering Limited (“Koh Brothers Eco”), a sustainable engineering solutions group that provides engineering, procurement and construction services for water and wastewater treatment, hydroengineering, bio-refinery and bio-energy projects.
Following a restructuring exercise that combines the capabilities of Koh Brothers Eco with the Group’s previously-owned civil engineering construction arm, Koh Brothers Building & Civil Engineering (Pte.) Ltd. (“KBCE”), through its shareholdings in Koh Brothers Eco, Koh Brothers can reap synergies and sharpen its competitive edge to offer turnkey engineering solutions and tap opportunities in the water, wastewater treatment and hydro-engineering sectors.
许兄弟集团是一家享有盛誉的建筑、房地产开发和专业工程解决方案提供商，于 1994 年 8 月在新加坡交易所上市。自 1966 年许哲铭先生创立独资企业、开始集团的光荣征程以来，许兄弟集团的一路发展壮大与缓洪、排水项目密不可分，在屡创施工奇迹的辉煌历史上留下了梧槽运河 (Rochor Canal)、武吉知马 (Bukit Timah) 和加冷河 (Kallang River) 等里程碑项目。
今天，集团在新加坡、中国、印度尼西亚、马来西亚、越南拥有 40 多家子公司、合资企业和联营公司，提供全面的建筑服务。多年来，凭借新加坡建设局评定的 A1 级资质，集团承接了无数土建工程项目。A1 级是目前该注册类别承包商最高等级资质，凭此资质，集团可投标金额不限的公共部门施工项目。同时，集团还在房地产开发市场，凭借高质量与创新理念，在住宅领域已建立起了良好的品牌声誉。
许兄弟集团已稳步发展壮大为多元化集团，广泛涉足如下业务领域:
- 建筑
- 建材
- 房地产
- 休闲娱乐建筑
Sunday, November 15, 2020
Geotechnical engineering
Geotechnical engineering, also known as geotechnics, is the branch of civil engineering concerned with the engineering behavior of earth materials. It uses the principles and methods of soil mechanics and rock mechanics for the solution of engineering problems and the design of engineering works. It also relies on knowledge of geology, hydrology, geophysics, and other related sciences.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geotechnical_engineering
Geotechnical engineering is important in civil engineering, but also has applications in military, mining, petroleum, coastal, ocean, and other engineering disciplines that are concerned with construction occurring on the surface or within the ground, both onshore and offshore. The fields of geotechnical engineering and engineering geology are closely related, and have large areas of overlap. However, while geotechnical engineering is a specialty of civil engineering, engineering geology is a specialty of geology: they share the same principles of soil mechanics and rock mechanics, but may differ in terms of objects, scale of application, and approaches.
The tasks of a geotechnical engineer comprise the investigation of subsurface conditions and materials; the determination of the relevant physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of these materials; the design of earthworks and retaining structures (including dams, embankments, sanitary landfills, deposits of hazardous waste), tunnels, and structure foundations; the monitoring of site conditions, earthwork, and foundation construction; the evaluation of the stability of natural slopes and man-made soil deposits; the assessment of the risks posed by site conditions; and the prediction, prevention, and mitigation of damage caused by natural hazards (such as avalanches, mud flows, landslides, rockslides, sinkholes, and volcanic eruptions).[1][2]
Eurocodes
The eurocodes are the ten European standards (EN; harmonised technical rules) specifying how structural design should be conducted within the European Union (EU). These were developed by the European Committee for Standardisation upon the request of the European Commission.[1]
https://shop.bsigroup.com/eurocodes-plus/
By March 2010, the Eurocodes are mandatory for the specification of European public works and are intended to become the de facto standard for the private sector. The Eurocodes therefore replace the existing national building codes published by national standard bodies (e.g. BS 5950)
The purpose of the eurocodes is to provide:[1]
- a means to prove compliance with the requirements for mechanical strength and stability and safety in case of fire established by European Union law.[2]
- a basis for construction and engineering contract specifications.
- a framework for creating harmonized technical specifications for building products (CE mark).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurocodes
At present, take-up of Eurocodes is slow on private sector projects and existing national codes are still widely used by engineers.
The eurocodes are published as a separate European Standards, each having a number of parts. By 2002, ten sections have been developed and published:
- Eurocode 0: Basis of structural design (EN 1990)
- Eurocode 1: Actions on structures (EN 1991)
- Part 1-1: Densities, self-weight, imposed loads for buildings (EN 1991-1-1)
- Part 1-2: Actions on structures exposed to fire (EN 1991-1-2)
- Part 1-3: General actions - Snow loads (EN 1991-1-3)
- Part 1-4: General actions - Wind actions (EN 1991-1-4)
- Part 1-5: General actions - Thermal actions (EN 1991-1-5)
- Part 1-6: General actions - Actions during execution (EN 1991-1-6)
- Part 1-7: General actions - Accidental Actions (EN 1991-1-7)
- Part 2: Traffic loads on bridges (EN 1991-2)
- Part 3: Actions induced by cranes and machinery (EN 1991-3)
- Part 4 : Silos and tanks (EN 1991-4)
- Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures (EN 1992)
- Part 1-1: General rules, and rules for buildings (EN 1992-1-1)
- Part 1-2: Structural fire design (EN 1992-1-2)
- Part 1-3: Precast Concrete Elements and Structures (EN 1992-1-3)
- Part 1-4: Lightweight aggregate concrete with closed structure (EN 1992-1-4)
- Part 1-5: Structures with unbonded and external prestressing tendons (EN 1992-1-5)
- Part 1-6: Plain concrete structures (EN 1992-1-6)
- Part 2: Reinforced and prestressed concrete bridges (EN 1992-2)
- Part 3: Liquid retaining and containing structures (EN 1992-3)
- Part 4: Design of fastenings for use in concrete (EN 1992-4)
- Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures (EN 1993)
- Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings (EN 1993-1-1)
- Part 1-2: General rules - Structural fire design (EN 1993-1-2)
- Part 1-3: General rules - Supplementary rules for cold-formed members and sheeting (EN 1993-1-3)
- Part 1-4: General rules - Supplementary rules for stainless steels (EN 1993-1-4)
- Part 1-5: Plated structural elements (EN 1993-1-5)
- Part 1-6: Strength and Stability of Shell Structures (EN 1993-1-6)
- Part 1-7: General Rules - Supplementary rules for planar plated structural elements with out of plane loading (EN 1993-1-7)
- Part 1-8: Design of joints (EN 1993-1-8)
- Part 1-9: Fatigue (EN 1993-1-9)
- Part 1-10: Material Toughness and through-thickness properties (EN 1993-1-10)
- Part 1-11: Design of Structures with tension components (EN 1993-1-11)
- Part 1-12: High Strength steels (EN 1993-1-12)
- Part 2: Steel Bridges (EN 1993-2)
- Part 3-1: Towers, masts and chimneys (EN 1993-3-1)
- Part 3-2: Towers, masts and chimneys - Chimneys (EN 1993-3-2)
- Part 4-1: Silos (EN 1993-4-1)
- Part 4-2: Tanks (EN 1993-4-2)
- Part 4-3: Pipelines (EN 1993-4-3)
- Part 5: Piling (EN 1993-5)
- Part 6: Crane supporting structures (EN 1993-6)
- Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures (EN 1994)
- Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings (EN 1994-1-1)
- Part 1-2: Structural fire design (EN 1994-1-2)
- Part 2: General rules and rules for bridges (EN 1994-2)
- Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures (EN 1995)
- Part 1-1: General – Common rules and rules for buildings (EN 1995-1-1)
- Part 1-2: General – Structural fire design (EN 1995-1-2)
- Part 2: Bridges (EN 1995-2)
- Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures (EN 1996)
- Part 1-1: General – Rules for reinforced and unreinforced masonry structures (EN 1996-1-1)
- Part 1-2: General rules – Structural fire design (EN 1996-1-2)
- Part 2: Design, selection of materials and execution of masonry (EN 1996-2)
- Part 3: Simplified calculation methods for unreinforced masonry structures (EN 1996-3)
- Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design (EN 1997)
- Part 1: General rules (EN 1997-1)
- Part 2: Ground investigation and testing (EN 1997-2)
- Part 3: Design assisted by field testing (EN 1997-3)
- Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance (EN 1998)
- Part 1: General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings (EN 1998-1)
- Part 2: Bridges (EN 1998-2)
- Part 3: Assessment and retrofitting of buildings (EN 1998-3)
- Part 4: Silos, tanks and pipelines (EN 1998-4)
- Part 5: Foundations, retaining structures and geotechnical aspects (EN 1998-5)
- Part 6: Towers, masts and chimneys (EN 1998-6)
- Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures (EN 1999)
- Part 1-1: General structural rules (EN 1999-1-1)
- Part 1-2: Structural fire design (EN 1999-1-2)
- Part 1-3: Structures susceptible to fatigue (EN 1999-1-3)
- Part 1-4: Cold-formed structural sheeting (EN 1999-1-4)
- Part 1-5: Shell structures (EN 1999-1-5)
Each of the codes (except EN 1990) is divided into a number of Parts covering specific aspects of the subject. In total there are 58 EN Eurocode parts distributed in the ten Eurocodes (EN 1990 – 1999).
All of the EN Eurocodes relating to materials have a Part 1-1 which covers the design of buildings and other civil engineering structures and a Part 1-2 for fire design. The codes for concrete, steel, composite steel and concrete, and timber structures and earthquake resistance have a Part 2 covering design of bridges. These Parts 2 should be used in combination with the appropriate general Parts (Parts 1).
Previous national standards[edit]
- BS 5950: British Standard on steel design, replaced by Eurocode 3 in March, 2010.
- BS 8110: British Standard on concrete design, replaced by Eurocode 2 in March, 2010.
- BS 6399: British Standard on loading for buildings, replaced by Eurocode 1 in March, 2010.
Wednesday, November 4, 2020
Tuesday, September 22, 2020
Title: The Use of Fibre Reinforced Concrete (FRC) in Precast Segmental Tunnel Linings in Asia Speaker: Mr. C. C. Gan, Bekaert Singapore
Monday, September 14, 2020
Monday, August 24, 2020
Saturday, August 8, 2020
pavement design
https://civilmdc.com/2020/03/09/principles-of-pavement-design-2nd-ed-e-j-yoder-m-w-witczak/
Presents a complete coverage of all aspects of the theory and practice of pavement design including the latest concepts.Content: Chapter 1 Pavement Types, Wheel Loads, and Design Factors (pages 1–23): Chapter 2 Stresses in Flexible Pavements (pages 24–80): Chapter 3 Stresses in Rigid Pavements (pages 81–127): Chapter 4 Vehicle and Traffic Consideration (pages 128–176): Chapter 5 Climate, Environment (pages 177–194): Chapter 6 The Economic Factor, Design Strategies, Systems Analysis (pages 195–220): Chapter 7 Soil Classification (pages 221–242): Chapter 8 Materials Characterization (pages 243–299): Chapter 9 Soil and Base Stabilization (pages 300–324): Chapter 10 Subgrades (pages 325–355): Chapter 11 Bases and Subbases (pages 356–383): Chapter 12 Bituminuous Surfaces (pages 384–404): Chapter 13 Material Variability (pages 405–444): Chapter 14 Design of Flexible Airport Pavements (pages 445–503): Chapter 15 Design of Flexible Highway Pavements (pages 504–555): Chapter 16 Design of Rigid Airport Pavements (pages 557–595): Chapter 17 Design of Rigid Highway Pavements (pages 596–624): Chapter 18 Pavement Distress (pages 625–645): Chapter 19 Condition Surveys (pages 646–664): Chapter 20 Strengthening Existing Pavements (pages 665–697):
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Monday, April 13, 2020
Tuesday, March 10, 2020
indoor and outdoor aluminum curtain wall, glass curtain wall of metal decorative hardware materials
The exterior wall decoration of the building adopts flat aluminum plate, molding aluminum plate, perforated aluminum plate, carved aluminum plate, hollow aluminum plate and curved aluminum plate, which will make the building more three-dimensional and more soul